Integral Equation is a mathematical equation in which an unknown function appears under an integral sign. It plays a crucial role in various fields such as physics, engineering, and applied mathematics for solving boundary value problems, heat conduction, and wave propagation. Integral equations are broadly classified into Volterra and Fredholm types, depending on the limits of integration. They often serve as alternatives to differential equations in modeling real-world phenomena. Solving integral equations involves analytical methods or numerical techniques like the kernel method or iterative methods.