Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are distributed networks of spatially dispersed, autonomous sensors that monitor and record environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, motion, or pressure. These sensors communicate wirelessly to aggregate data and transmit it to central systems for processing. WSNs are widely used in applications such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, healthcare, and smart cities. Their low power consumption and scalability make them ideal for real-time data collection and analysis in remote or dynamic environments.