Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that focuses on diagnosing diseases through the analysis of laboratory samples, such as blood, urine, tissue, and other bodily fluids. It encompasses various subfields, including hematology, microbiology, and clinical chemistry, which help identify and understand disease mechanisms. Pathologists use laboratory tests like blood tests, urine analysis, cytology, and biopsy examinations to detect infections, genetic disorders, organ dysfunction, and cancer. Clinical pathology plays a critical role in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and guiding therapeutic decisions. By providing objective data, clinical pathology is essential in ensuring accurate, timely diagnoses and improving patient outcomes.