Data analysis through Microsoft Excel involves organizing, processing, and interpreting data using built-in tools and functions. Excel provides features like PivotTables, charts, and conditional formatting to summarize and visualize data effectively. Functions such as VLOOKUP, INDEX-MATCH, and IF statements help in data manipulation and extraction. Data cleaning tools like Remove Duplicates and Text-to-Columns ensure accuracy and consistency. Excel’s Data Analysis ToolPak offers statistical functions, regression analysis, and hypothesis testing for deeper insights. Filtering, sorting, and conditional formatting make it easy to identify patterns and trends. Macros and VBA scripting automate repetitive tasks for improved efficiency. Power Query enables data import, transformation, and integration from multiple sources. Power Pivot helps in handling large datasets and performing complex calculations. Overall, Excel remains a powerful and accessible tool for data analysis across various industries.