Surface mining is a method of extracting minerals or ores located near the Earth's surface by removing overlying soil and rock layers. Techniques like open-pit mining, strip mining, and mountaintop removal are commonly used depending on the deposit's location and type. This method is more cost-effective than underground mining but can cause significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, soil erosion, and water contamination. Advanced technologies like drones and automated machinery are improving efficiency and safety in surface mining. Regulatory measures and sustainable practices aim to minimize environmental damage while maximizing resource extraction.
